بهترین شیوه برای تهیۀ محتوای آموزشی برخط غیرهم‌زمان: نگرش متخصصان محتوایی تهیۀ کتب دانشگاهی برای دانشجویان علوم انسانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار رشته آموزش زبان انگلیسی، پژوهشکده تحقیق و توسعۀ علوم انسانی «سمت»، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار رشتۀ روان‌شناسی پژوهشکدۀ تحقیق و توسعۀ علوم انسانی «سمت»، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

پیشینة پژوهشی موجود نشان می‌دهد که در دهه‌های اخیر آموزش برخطِ غیرهم‌زمان مورد توجه جدی قرار گرفته است. با وجود این، دربارة نگرش تهیه‌کنندگان محتوای آموزشی در محیط‌های بومی نسبت‌به این پدیده اطلاعات کمی در دست است. ازاین‌رو، مطالعة حاضر، سعی بر آن داشت تا نگرش متخصصان محتوایی تهیة کتب دانشگاهی در حوزة علوم انسانی را در ارتباط با بهترین شیوه برای طراحی و تهیة محتوای آموزشی برخط غیرهم‌زمان را مورد بررسی قرار دهد. در این راستا، دوازده متخصص محتوایی که در پروژة نسل نخست کتب درسی الکترونیکی چندرسانه‌ای سازمان سمت نقش نظارت را برعهده داشتند، در این پژوهش شرکت کردند. جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از طریق اجرای مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختارمند انجام شد. سپس داده‌ها از طریق روش تحلیل درون‌مایه‌ای مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته‌های این پژوهش به سه درون‌مایة اصلی اشاره دارد: درون‌مایة نیازمحوری که شامل مقوله‌های فرعیِ نیازسنجی با توجه به رشته و درس، درنظر گرفتن سلیقة آموزشی دانشجویان نسل جدید، اطمینان از کاربردپذیری محتوا و درنظر گرفتن مؤلفه‏های بومی بود. درون‏مایۀ یادگیری‏محوری شامل سازمان‏دهی اجزا و مراحل تدریس، تعامل‏محوری و تکلیف‏محوری بود و سرانجام، درون‏مایۀ غنی‏سازی نیز از مقوله‌های فرعیِ رفع محدودیت‏های کتاب چاپی و کنترل کیفی تشکیل می‌شد. در انتها، تلویحات نظری و کاربردی این پژوهش مورد بحث قرار گرفت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Best Practice in Developing Asynchronous Online Educational Materials: the Attitudes of Educational Materials Experts in Developing University Textbooks for the Students of the Humanities

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Shahin Taghaddomi 1
  • Amir Ali Mazandarani 2
1 Faculty Member/ SAMT
2 The Institute for Research and Development in the Humanities (SAMT)
چکیده [English]

There has been a surge of interest in asynchronous E-learning throughout the literature in the past few decades. However, the literature falls short on how local educational materials developers perceive this phenomenon. The present study, then, set out to investigate the attitudes of Iranian experts as to the best practice in designing and developing asynchronous online educational materials. In so doing, the 12 educational materials experts who were supposed to supervise the first generation of SAMT’s electronic educational materials project took part in the study. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and, then, analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed three major themes the first of which was needs-orientedness covering needs analysis with regard to discipline and course, considering the new generation students’ tastes and inclinations, ensuring the usability of the materials, and considering local factors. The second theme was learning-orientedness, which included three components, namely organization of the components and steps of teaching, interaction-centeredness, and assignment-centeredness. Finally, materials enrichment was discovered to be the third theme containing the subcategories of going beyond the boundaries of printed books and quality control. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Best practice
  • E-learning
  • Asynchronous learning
  • Multimedia learning environment
  • Expert attitudes
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